Fourth Amendment Waiver

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In Georgia, can a person on probation be illegally searched by law enforcement?  The answer is yes and no.  A probationer who has executed a Fourth Amendment waiver at the time of their plea may be subject to a warrantless search if there is reasonable suspicion of criminal activity or for the purpose of monitoring the extent of the probationer’s compliance or lack of compliance with the terms of their probation.  The general rule is that the police can search a probationer, who is subject to a special condition of probation waiving her Fourth Amendment rights and agreeing to searches of her person, property, residence, and vehicle, at any time, day or night, and with or without a warrant, provided there exists a reasonable or good-faith suspicion for the search, that is, the police must not merely be acting in bad faith or in an arbitrary and capricious manner such as searching to harass the probationer.

If you are challenging the illegal search under a Fourth Amendment waiver you will need to argue the search was without consent and the officer was conducting the search in bad faith or in an arbitrary manner.

If you feel as the police or law enforcement seized evidence illegally, please give us a call at our law firm at 404-581-0999 to discuss the possibility of representation.

License Consequences for DUI Convictions in Gwinnett County, Georgia

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By: Attorney Erin Dohnalek

In Georgia, an individual may be charged with DUI under the following circumstances:

  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of alcohol to an extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of any drug to an extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of a combination of any two or more controlled substances, which does include alcohol, to an extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while his/her alcohol concentration was .08 grams or more, or at any time within three hours after such driving ended.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while there was any amount of marijuana or a controlled substance, as defined by O.C.G.A § 16-13-21, present in his/her blood or urine.

If an accused is convicted of a DUI in Gwinnett County, pursuant to O.C.G.A § 40-6-391, his/her license will be suspended. This is a mandatory suspension required by the Department of Driver’s Services. The length of the suspension is decided by how many prior DUI convictions he/she has had in the last five years. Those suspensions are as follows:

  • If the accused has not had a prior DUI conviction in the last five years:
    • The suspension will be for a period of 120 days.
    • During that suspension, the accused will be eligible for a limited permit to drive if he/she is a resident of Georgia, and he/she has not had a prior DUI conviction in the last five years.
    • After the 120-day license suspension, the accused will be eligible to get their permanent license back if he/she has completed a Risk Reduction Course, otherwise known as DUI school, and paid a $210 reinstatement fee.
  • If this is the second DUI conviction in the last five years for the accused:
    • The suspension will be for a period of 18 months.
    • For the first 4 months of the suspension, there will be a hard suspension with no eligibility for a limited permit. This means for the first 4 months, he/she will not be able to drive.
    • After the first 4 months, he/she may be issued a limited permit if he/she installs an ignition interlock in their vehicle.
    • After the full 18 months, the accused will be able to reinstate their permanent license if he/she has completed a substance abuse evaluation, and recommended treatment, and has shown proof of that completion to the Department of Driver’s Services.
  • The most serious license suspension happens to drivers who have been convicted of a third DUI in the last five years.
    • If that occurs, the driver will be considered a Habitual Violator.
    • This will require a 5-year license suspension, and there is no eligibility for a limited permit.
    • Only after two years can an accused be eligible for a probationary license to drive.
    • It is very important that the accused not drive if he/she is a Habitual Violator, as he/she could be arrested for a felony, if caught driving, that carries at least one year in jail.

Contact Us

Due to the severity of the license suspension consequences of a DUI conviction, it is of vital importance to speak with an experienced criminal defense attorney about your case. At the Law Offices of W. Scott Smith, our lawyers are trained to know every aspect of defending a DUI, we understand the defenses to the charge, we take pride in advocating for our clients’ constitutional rights, and we detail all options for our clients when defending their case. If you or a loved one has been charged with a DUI in Gwinnett County, and you are worried about the license consequences associated with a conviction, please call our office today at 404-581-0999 for a free consultation.

Why the Peach State Lawyers Should Represent You

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The Law Office of W. Scott Smith, PC is a firm of devoted criminal defense attorneys with decades of combined experience whose professionalism, skill, and knowledge make them the perfect firm to zealously advocate for you. This team is not just made up of great attorneys and staff, but great people, too.

Sherdia is our courteous, organized, and hardworking paralegal. She is reliable and efficient, and is truly the powerhouse behind the entire operation. She works diligently to make sure that clients are well taken care of, and is an effective liaison between clients and attorneys when you need quick assistance. She is a joy to know and work with, and a true blessing in the office.

King is our billing manager. He is mindful and empathetic to client billing needs. He will work with you to make sure that your payment plan works for your lifestyle and ensure that you receive the highest caliber of quality (and affordability) in your representation by the Peach State firm.

Beth is our calendar clerk and law student intern. Her organization and focus ensures that at your Court dates, your attorney is present and prepared to give you the best defense and advice. On the very date of this posting (12/15/23), she graduated from law school and it won’t be long before she is in a courtroom fighting for you. Congratulations, Beth.
Marybeth is one of our experienced associate attorneys. She spent several years zealously advocating for indigent folks in the Fulton County Public Defender’s Office, and since joining our firm, has continued to extend the same grace and compassion to her clients that inspired us to bring her aboard in the first place. She works tirelessly for her clients, and if she represents you, you can rest assured that you will receive knowledgeable and empathetic counsel.

Mary is another one of our distinguished associates. She is loveably referred to as a “bulldog” for her passionate and zealous presence in the Courtroom. She has a reputation for being tireless and hard working, and willing to do whatever it takes to represent her clients. Although she may be a bulldog in the Courtroom, she is cherished by her clients who see her as their devoted champion, skilled advocate, and friend.

Erin is our last (but certainly not least) associate attorney. Although she may be a young attorney, her skill, tact, and knowledge of the law puts her in a league all her own. She walks into a courtroom and can outshine attorneys with decades more experience because of her professionalism, courtesy, insight, and courage to fight for her clients. Her clients know her as a counselor who is dependable, hard working, and compassionate. She is an extraordinary attorney, and an even better friend.

Mike and Scott are the partners of Peach State Law. They are passionate and distinguished attorneys with the skill and knowledge to back up their commendable reputations. They advocate for clients charged with the most heinous of crimes, and when they do, they make it look easy. Their finesse in commanding a Courtroom is a talent eclipsed only by their devotion to their associates and staff. They are the best mentors this attorney could have asked for.

And why should you believe me? Because I had the opportunity, the privilege, even, to get to know each and every one of them as an associate attorney myself. I have grown to know and learn from each of them in kind, and they have made me a better attorney and a better person. There is no firm more devoted, hardworking, or knowledgeable in Georgia. This firm is made up of a team that values, above all else, their clients and doing the hard and courageous job of defending the Constitution. Their commitment to you will be unwavering, their diligence and devotion to your defense will be their number one priority. You simply could not ask for more from a law firm, and this attorney could not have asked for more from this family. When you are evaluating your options for legal representation, believe me when I say that these are the good people you want behind you, counseling you, and guiding you. Take it from someone who knows.

Entrapment

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Can an entrapment case in the State of Georgia be won?  Yes.  Does entrapment apply to snitches or government agents?  Yes.  A person is not guilty of a crime if the arrested person’s conduct is induced through entrapment by a government agent.  Entrapment exists when the idea of the committing the crime originated with a government agent by deceitful means and induced the arrested person to commit the act, which the arrested person would not have committed, except for the conduct of the government agent.

To constitute entrapment, the arrested person must have been induced to commit a criminal act that he would not have otherwise committed except by undue persuasion, incitement, or deceitful means implemented by the government agent.

No entrapment exists when a police officer or an agent of the police merely furnishes an opportunity to commit a criminal offense to a person who is already ready and willing to commit the criminal offense.

If an officer has reason to believe that the law is being violated, the officer may proceed to ascertain whether those who are thought to be doing so are actually committing a criminal offense. If the conduct of the officer is such as not to induce an innocent person to commit a crime but to secure evidence upon which a guilty person can be brought to justice, then there is no entrapment.

The State has the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the arrested person was not entrapped.

If you feel as though you have been entrapped by law enforcement or an agent of law enforcement it is important that you hire an experienced lawyer who will thoroughly investigate your case and fight for you. If you are charged in Gwinnett, Cobb, Cherokee, Fulton, Dekalb, Clayton, or Newton County, and believe law enforcement may have acted inappropriately, call our office at 404-581-0999 today for a free consultation.

Cruelty to Animals

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If you’ve been charged with misdemeanor cruelty to animals, then you have been charged with a crime which carries a maximum punishment of up to 1 year in jail and a fine of up to $1000.

Georgia law criminalizes causing “physical pain, suffering, or death to an animal by any unjustifiable act or omission” or “having intentionally exercised custody, control, possession, or ownership of an animal, fails to provide to such animal adequate food, water, sanitary conditions, or ventilation that is consistent with what a reasonable person of ordinary knowledge would believe is the normal requirement and feeding habit for such animal’s size, species, breed, age, and physical condition.” O.C.G.A. 16-12-4.

Misdemeanor cruelty to animals does not require malice. This means that you do not have to have meant to harm the animal. Simply neglecting to provide reasonable care for the animal can constitute misdemeanor cruelty to animals.

Moreover, the animals do not have to belong to you. Neither ownership of the property on which the animals are found nor ownership of the animals is a material element of the offense. Tiller v. State, 218 Ga. App. 418. If you live in a home with someone else and their animals are being neglected, you could be criminally liable for that neglect.

If you have been charged with misdemeanor cruelty to animals, you should consider hiring an attorney who can defend your case. Call our office for a free consultation at 404-581-0999.

What is the difference between malice murder, 2nd-degree murder, and felony murder?

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Malice murder in Georgia is defined in OCGA § 16-5-1(a) as causing the death of another human being with malice aforethought. Express malice is the deliberate intention to take a life unlawfully. Malice can also be implied based on the circumstances of the killing. The intent to kill (aforethought) can be formed in an instant and does not require proof of any sort of plan or motive. Malice murder in Georgia carries a punishment of life in prison with or without the possibility of parole.

Murder in the 2nd Degree in Georgia (OCGA § 16-5-1(c)) is limited. It only arises when the death of a child under 18 is caused by criminal negligence. Criminal negligence is an act or failure to act that demonstrates a willful, wonton, or reckless disregard for the safety of others who might reasonably be expected to be injured by the act or failure to act. The punishment for Murder in the 2nd Degree is a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of 30 years in prison.

Felony murder (OCGA § 16-5-1(b)) is exactly what it sounds like. It is where someone dies during the commission of a felony. For example, defendant A drives defendant B to a bank to rob it. Defendant A stays in the car while B goes into the bank. During the robbery, B shoots and kills the teller. A then drives B away from the scene. B can be charged with malice murder and felony murder based on the death of the teller during the robbery. A can be charged with felony murder because a person died during the commission of the felony of robbery. The punishment for Felony Murder is the same as malice murder. It carries a punishment of life in prison with or without parole.

If you or a loved one are charged with malice murder, murder in the 2nd degree, or felony murder give us a call for a free case consultation at 404-581-0999.

License Consequences for DUI Convictions in Georgia

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By: Attorney Erin Dohnalek

In Georgia, an individual may be charged with DUI under the following circumstances:

  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of alcohol to the extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of any drug to the extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while he/she was under the influence of a combination of any two or more controlled substances, which does include alcohol, to the extent that it was less safe for them to drive.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while his/her alcohol concentration is .08 grams or more, or at any time within three hours after such driving, or being in actual physical control of the vehicle, ended.
  • If he/she was in actual physical control of a moving vehicle while there is any amount of marijuana or a controlled substance, as defined by O.C.G.A § 16-13-21, present in his/her blood or urine.

If an accused is convicted of DUI, pursuant to O.C.G.A § 40-6-391, his/her license will be suspended. This is a mandatory suspension required by the Department of Driver’s Services. The length of the suspension is decided by how many prior DUI convictions he/she has had in the last five years. Those suspensions are as follows:

  • If the accused has not had a prior DUI conviction in the last five years:
    • The suspension will be for a period of 4 months.
    • During the suspension, the accused will be eligible for a limited permit to drive if he/she is a resident of Georgia, and he/she has not had a prior DUI conviction in the last five years.
    • After the 120-day suspension, the accused will be eligible to get their permanent license back if he/she completed a Risk Reduction Course, otherwise known as DUI school, and paid a $210 reinstatement fee.
  • If this is the second DUI conviction in the last five years for the accused:
    • The suspension will be for a period of 18 months.
    • For the first 4 months of the suspension, there will be a hard suspension with no eligibility for a limited permit. This means for the first 4 months, he/she will not be able to drive.
    • After the first 4 months, he/she may be issued a limited permit if he/she installs an ignition interlock in their vehicle.
    • After the full 18 months, the accused will be able to reinstate their license if he/she has completed a substance abuse evaluation, and recommended treatment, and has shown proof of that completion to the Department of Driver’s Services.
  • The most serious license suspension happens to drivers who have been convicted of a third DUI in the last five years.
    • If that occurs, the driver will be considered a Habitual Violator.
    • This will require a 5-year suspension, which will mandate no driving, and there is no eligibility for a limited permit.
    • Only after two years can an accused be eligible for a probationary license to drive.
    • It is very important that the accused not drive if he/she is a Habitual Violator, as he/she could be arrested for a felony that carries at least one year in jail.

Contact Us

Due to the severity of the license suspension consequences of a DUI conviction, it is of vital importance to speak with an experienced criminal defense attorney about your case. At the Law Offices of W. Scott Smith, our lawyers are trained to know every aspect of defending a DUI, we understand the defenses to the charge, we take pride in advocating for our clients’ constitutional rights, and we detail all options for our clients when defending their case. If you or a loved one has been charged with DUI, and are worried about the license consequences associated with a DUI conviction, please call our office today at 404-581-0999 for a free consultation.

How Your Defense Attorney Can Use Georgia Rules of Evidence Rule 403 to Keep Out Prejudicial Evidence

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When a person is charged with a crime, the State will often try to present evidence of other bad acts performed by the defendant or evidence that is intended to inflame the passions of the jury. When wielded correctly, Rule 403 gives your defense attorney a weapon to fight back with.

Rule 403 states that “[r]elevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.” This simply means that a judge may decide that certain evidence may not be presented to the jury if it is likely to prejudice the jury against the defendant, is a waste of time, or is unnecessarily cumulative (an example of unnecessarily cumulative evidence would be prosecutors showing a music video where the defendant points guns and claiming it is being shown for identification purposes when other witnesses had already identified the defendant in surveillance footage from the incident) . A 2020 Georgia Supreme Court case says it perfectly: “the major function of rule governing exclusion of relevant evidence due to prejudice, confusion, or waste of time is to exclude matters of scant or cumulative probative force, dragged in by the heels for the sake of its prejudicial effect.” Jernigan v. State, 357 Ga.App. 415.

A recent example of Rule 403 being used effectively was in the Ross Harris case from 2016. Ross Harris was charged with intentionally leaving his son in the hot car where he ultimately died. The State presented evidence of text messages Harris had sent to underage girls as well as large amounts of evidence of Harris’ infidelity. Although Harris was convicted of sex crimes and murder, his attorneys used Rule 403 at his appeal to show that the two crimes (sexual texts with underage girls and murder) should have been tried separately. While the text messages proved he was guilty of the sex crimes, they did nothing to prove Harris’ intent when he walked away from his car and were highly prejudicial when the jury considered the murder charge.

If you find yourself facing serious charges, it is important that you hire a lawyer that understands the rules of evidence and will use every tool available to prevent the jury from hearing prejudicial evidence. The lawyers at W. Scott Smith will explore every aspect of your case and fight for you in the courtroom to give you the best chance of hearing “Not Guilty”. If you face serious charges like rape, murder, child molestation, drug trafficking, or aggravated assault in Fulton, Cobb, Dekalb, Gwinnett, Douglas, Rockdale, or Barrow counties, call our office at 404-581-0999 for a free consultation.

Help! My teenager is charged with possessing or distributing child pornography.

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While it might be common sense that it is illegal for adults to possess or distribute child pornography, it is also illegal for teenagers. It is a misdemeanor if the teen charged is 18 or younger, the teen in the photo is at least 14, and the photo/video was taken with consent. However, if the photo/video was sent to anyone it becomes a felony with a penalty of five (5) to twenty (20) years in prison, a fine up to $100,000 and time on the sex offender registry. Being charged with possessing or distributing child pornography can have long lasting collateral consequences. If your teen has been charged with possessing or distributing child pornography it is important to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. Please call us for your free consultation at 404-581-0999.

Aggravated Stalking in Gwinnett County, Georgia

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By: Attorney Erin Dohnalek

In Georgia, aggravated stalking is charged as a felony. It is set out in O.C.G.A. § 16-5-91. This statute states that an individual commits aggravated stalking when:

  • He/she violates a “no contact” or “stay away” provision of their bond;
  • He/she violates a temporary restraining order, temporary protective order, permanent protective order, preliminary injunction, or permanent injunction ordering them to have no contact with the alleged victim;
  • He/she violates a “no contact” or “stay away” condition of their pretrial release, condition of probation, or condition of parole; and
  • The individual follows, places under surveillance, or contacts the alleged victim, without his/her consent, for the purpose of harassing and intimidating.

In Georgia, there is no requirement that the accused has to have actual notice of the “no contact” provision as a condition of bond, pretrial release, probation/ parole, or from a temporary protective order. The contact alone is enough, even if the accused was not aware of the “no contact” order. See Revere v. State, 277 Ga. App. 393 (2006). “Contact” can also be established by phone, email, or mail. It does not need to be in-person contact in order to be sufficient to convict for aggravated stalking. See Murden v. State, 258 Ga. App. 585 (2002).

Additionally, even if the alleged victim allowed contact, or initiated contact, after the “no contact” provision was ordered, that does not mean that an accused can no longer be prosecuted for aggravated stalking. An accused can be prosecuted if the alleged victim changes his/her mind, and decides that they no longer want contact with the accused, if at the time of the contact, there is a “no contact” provision in place. See Revere v. State, 277 Ga. App. 393 (2006).

Finally, a single incident of stalking is not sufficient to convict an accused of aggravated stalking. There must be a pattern of harassing and intimidating conduct, and generally, a single incident alone is not enough. See State v. Burke, 287 Ga. 377 (2010).

Sentencing:

Any individual convicted of this crime in Gwinnett County will be sentenced to 1-10 years in prison, and fined up to $10,000. However, the reduced charge of aggravated stalking is characterized as a “violation of a criminal protective order.” This charge is a misdemeanor and the sentencing is much less punitive. An experienced criminal defense attorney may be able to negotiate sentencing to fall under the misdemeanor statute.

Contact Us

Due to the severity of the punishment for aggravated stalking, it is of vital importance to speak with an experienced criminal defense attorney about your case. At the Law Offices of W. Scott Smith, our lawyers are trained to know every aspect of this crime, we understand the defenses to the charge, we take pride in advocating for our clients’ constitutional rights, and we detail all options for our clients when defending their case. If you or a loved one has been charged with aggravated stalking in Gwinnett County, please call our office today at 404-581-0999 for a free consultation.